Two currencies make up a foreign exchange rate. For instance, the US Dollar and Japanese Yen make the USD/JPY currency pair.
What is the base currency and cross currency?
The first currency in a currency pair is the Base Currency. It is the dominant currency of the pair. The second currency is the Cross Currency.
What is a pip?
PIP is an acronym for Price Interest Point. It is the smallest unit of a currency. It is the farthest digit to the right of a currency pair. Suppose the EUR/USD moves from 1.1400 to 1.1401, then it moved 1 pip which is equal to 0.0001. With currency pairs related to the Japanese Yen, a pip is equal to 0.01 because there are only 2 digits after the decimal.
How is value of a pip calculated…Fixed or Floating?
There are fixed and floating values for a pip depending upon the currency pair. When the USD is on the right side of the pair (EUR/USD, GBP/USD, AUD/USD, and NZD/USD) the pip is value is fixed at $1.00 per 10,000 currency units. This is a fixed pip value. When the USD is on the left side (USD/CHF) or the currency pair is made of two foreign currencies (EUR/JPY), the pip value floats or changes compared to the daily exchange rate fluctuation. An approximate floating pip value of the USD/JPY per 10,000 units of the base currency is $0.85.
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